Preadolescence is a stage of human development Human development is the process of growing to maturity. In biological terms, this entails growth from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being through childhood Childhood is the age span ranging from birth to adolescence. In developmental psychology, childhood is divided up into the developmental stages of toddlerhood , early childhood (play age), middle childhood (school age), and adolescence (post-puberty) that occurs in a child's years before adolescence Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and mental human development generally occurring between puberty and legal adulthood (age of majority), but may also be defined as ending with the teenage stage. According to Erik Erikson's stages of human development, for example, a young adult is generally a person between the ages of 20 and 40,.^[1]

Span

The point at which a child becomes an adolescent is usually defined by the onset of puberty Puberty is the process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body capable of reproduction. Puberty is initiated by hormone signals from the brain to the gonads . In response, the gonads produce a variety of hormones that stimulate the growth, function, or transformation of brain, bones, muscle, skin, breasts, and. However, in some individuals (particularly females), puberty begins in the preadolescence years,^[2] and adolescence may extend a few years beyond the teenage years in others (typically males).^[3]

In terms of age in years, dictionary definitions generally designate preadolescence as the years from 10 to 13 (ages 10-12 for girls and 11-13 for boys),^[4] although there is no exact agreement.

Psychological development

Preadolescent children have a different view of the world from younger children in significant ways:

• May have a fear Fear is an emotional response to a perceived threat. It is a basic survival mechanism occurring in response to a specific stimulus, such as pain or the threat of danger. Some psychologists such as John B. Watson, Robert Plutchik, and Paul Ekman have suggested that fear is one of a small set of basic or innate emotions. This set also includes such of kidnappings In criminal law, kidnapping is the taking away or transportation of a person against the person's will, usually to hold the person in false imprisonment, a confinement without legal authority. This may be done for ransom or in furtherance of another crime, or in connection with a child custody dispute, rapes, and scary media events, as opposed to fantasy things (e.g., witches, monsters A monster is any fictional dangerous or hideous creature, usually in legend or horror fiction. The word "monster" derives from Latin monstrum, an aberrant occurrence, usually biological, that was taken as a sign that something was wrong within the natural order, ghosts).
• Have a more developed sense of looking into the future and seeing effects of their actions (as opposed to early childhood where children often do not worry about their future).
• Have more realistic job A job is a regular thing performed to create a value in society for meeting the needs of that individual. A person usually begins a job by becoming an employee, volunteering, or starting a business. The duration of a job may range from an hour (in the case of odd jobs) to a lifetime (in the case of some judges). If a person is trained for a expectations ("I want to be an engineer when I grow up", as opposed to "I want to be a wizard").
• View human relationships An interpersonal relationship is an association between two or more people that may range from fleeting to enduring. This association may be based on limerence, love and liking, regular business interactions, or some other type of social commitment. Interpersonal relationships take place in a great variety of contexts, such as family, friends, differently (i.e. they may notice the flawed, human side of authority Authority, from the Latin word auctoritas, means invention, advice, opinion, influence, or command. Essentially authority is imposed by superiors upon inferiors either by force of arms or by force of argument (sapiential authority). Usually authority has components of both compulsion and persuasion. For this reason, as used in Roman law, authority figures) .
• Begin to develop a sense of self The self is a key construct in several schools of psychology, broadly referring to the cognitive and affective representation of one's identity. The earliest formulation of the self in modern psychology from the distinction between the self as I, the subjective knower, and the self as Me, the object that is known. Current views of the self in-identity Identity is an umbrella term used throughout the social sciences to describe a person's conception and expression of their individuality or group affiliations . The term is used more specifically in psychology and sociology, including the two forms of social psychology. The term is also used with respect to place identity.
• Have increased feelings of independence Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state in which its residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory.
• Have a different view on morality Morality is a sense of behavioral conduct that differentiates intentions, decisions, and actions between those that are good (or right) and bad (or wrong). A moral code is a system of morality (for example, according to a particular philosophy, religion, culture, etc.) and a moral is any one practice or teaching within a moral code. Immorality is.
• More mature, sensible, realistic thoughts and actions
• Are responsible for younger siblings and relatives, such as babysitting Babysitting is the practice of temporarily caring for a child on behalf of the child's parents. Babysitting is commonly performed as an odd job by teenagers for extra money, stereotypically, but not necessarily, by girls.
• Often beginning to experience limerence Limerence is an involuntary cognitive and emotional state of intense romantic desire for another person. The term was coined by psychologist Dorothy Tennov to describe the ultimate, near-obsessive form of romantic love. Limerence is sometimes also referred to as infatuation, or is colloquially known as a crush, but in reality it is something much, Puppy Love The term eggs can also be used to describe the fondness of a child for an adult. For example, students’ being attracted to their teachers, or children to older celebrities, could be considered puppy love, or love Love is the emotion of strong affection and personal attachment. In philosophical context, love is a virtue representing all of human kindness, compassion, and affection. In religious context, love is not just a virtue, but the basis for all being , and the foundation for all divine law (Golden Rule).
• May start caring about what they look like and what they are wearing.
• May become more exposed to popular culture than childhood and may have interests that are more based on internet trends, television shows, movies, fashion, technology, and music, but are very shallow and corporate compared to the means of more rebellious and open teenagers. Preadolescents generally prefer certain brands A brand is the identity of a specific product, service, or business[page needed]. A brand can take many forms, including a name, sign, symbol, color combination or slogan. The word brand began simply as a way to tell one person's cattle from another by means of a hot iron stamp. A legally protected brand name is called a trademark. The word brand, and are a heavily targeted market of many advertisers. Their tendency to buy brand-name items may be due to a desire to fit in, although the desire is not as strong as it is with teenagers Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and mental human development generally occurring between puberty and legal adulthood (age of majority), but may also be defined as ending with the teenage stage. According to Erik Erikson's stages of human development, for example, a young adult is generally a person between the ages of 20 and 40,. Many of these brands include clothing A feature of all modern human societies is the wearing of clothing, a category encompassing a wide variety of materials that cover the body. The primary purpose of clothing is functional, as a protection from the elements. Clothes also enhance safety during hazardous activities such as hiking and cooking, by providing a barrier between the skin and music Music is an art form whose medium is sound. Common elements of music are pitch , rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. The word derives from Greek μουσική (mousike), "(art) of the Muses.".

Freud on preadolescence

Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud , born Sigismund Schlomo Freud (6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939), was an Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic method of psychiatry. Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the defense mechanism of repression, and for creating the clinical practice of psychoanalysis for treating psychopathology termed this the latency period Incubation period is the time elapsed between exposure to a pathogenic organism, a chemical or radiation, and when symptoms and signs are first apparent. The period may be as short as minutes to as long as thirty years in the case of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which he saw as a period of unparalleled repression of sexual desires and erogenous impulses. During the latency period, children direct this repressed libidal energy into asexual pursuits such as school, athletics, and same-sex friendships. He saw the latency period as a time of relative calm when there is little psychosexual conflict and unconscious conflicts and drives go underground and are therefore relatively inaccessible and unavailable. But soon puberty Puberty is the process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body capable of reproduction. Puberty is initiated by hormone signals from the brain to the gonads . In response, the gonads produce a variety of hormones that stimulate the growth, function, or transformation of brain, bones, muscle, skin, breasts, and arrives, and the genitals once again become a central focus of libidal energy.

Preteen and tween

A preteen or a preteenager^[1] is a person under the age of thirteen.^[5] Generally, the term is restricted to those close to reaching age 13,^[1] especially ages 10–12.^[6]

Tween is an American ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language neologism A neologism ; from Greek νέος (neos 'new') + λόγος (logos 'speech') is a newly coined word that may be in the process of entering common use, but has not yet been accepted into mainstream language. Neologisms are often directly attributable to a specific person, publication, period, or event. According to Oxford English Dictionary the and marketing Marketing is the process by which companies create customer interest in products or services. It generates the strategy that underlies sales techniques, business communication, and business development. It is an integrated process through which companies build strong customer relationships and create value for their customers and for themselves term^[7] for preteen. A blend In linguistics, a blend is a word formed from parts of two or more other words. These parts are sometimes, but not always, morphemes of between and teen,^[5][6] "tween" in this context is generally considered to cover the age range from eight to twelve years.^[6]

The term was previously used in J.R.R. Tolkien's 1954 novel The Lord of the Rings The Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy novel written by philologist and Oxford University professor J. R. R. Tolkien. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's earlier, less complex children's fantasy novel The Hobbit , but eventually developed into a much larger work. It was written in stages between 1937 and 1949, much of it during World to refer to Hobbits Hobbits are a fictional diminutive race in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium who inhabit the lands of Middle-earth. They are named "Halflings" by most of Middle-earth, and "Periannath" by the Elves in their twenties: "...tweens as Hobbits called the irresponsible twenties between childhood and the coming of age at thirty-three."^[8] In this context, the word is a portmanteau A portmanteau (pronounced /pɔrtmænˈtoʊ/ , plural: portmanteaus or portmanteaux) or portmanteau word is used broadly to mean a blend of two (or more) words or morphemes and their meanings into one new word. In linguistics fields, a portmanteau is defined as a blend of two or more function words of twenty and teen, and has no connection to preteens or the American marketing niche.

See also

• Precocious puberty Precocious puberty is a medical term for puberty occurring at an unusually early age. In most of these children the process is normal in every respect except the unusually early age, and simply represents a variation of normal development. In a minority of children the early development is triggered by a disease such as a tumor or injury of the

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} New Oxford American Dictionary. 2nd Edition. 2005. Oxford University Press.
2. ^ "Onset of Breast and Pubic Hair Development in 1231 Preadolescent Lithuanian Schoolgirls". adc.bmj.com. http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/adc.2004.057612v1. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
3. ^ "Questions about Sex, Puberty, and Periods, for adolescents and their parents: 12. Puberty: Growing Up Early". rainbowpediatrics.net. http://www.rainbowpediatrics.net/faq/17.1.html. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
4. ^ Dictionary.com --> Definition of preadolescence (Based on the Random House Dictionary, 2009) Retrieved on July 5, 2009
5. ^ ^{a b} Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. Eleventh Edition. 2003. Merriam-Webster.
6. ^ ^{a b c} The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Fourth Edition. 2000. Houghton Mifflin Company.
7. ^ Levasseur, Maïthé (2007-02-09). Familiar with tweens? You should be.... The Tourism Intelligence Network. Retrieved on 2007-12-04.
8. ^ Tolkien, J.R.R. The Lord of the Rings; The Fellowship of the Ring Copyright 1965 by J.R.R Tolkien; Ballantine Books, A Division of Random House Inc. SBN 345-24032-4-150

Myers, James. "Tweens and cool" [1], Admap, March 2004.

Categories: Demographics | Consumer behaviour | Marketing | Childhood | Human development | Youth

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